The Historical Development of Imam Ali's Development Policy - Peace be Upon Him - in light of Nahj al-Balagha

Abstract

    This study aims to analyze the historical development of the developmental policy of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (PBUH) as manifested in the texts of "Nahj al-Balagha," and to investigate the extent to which this policy was affected by the transformations and changes of his era. The research employed a historical-analytical methodology and content analysis, examining the sermons, letters, and maxims attributed to the Imam in "Nahj al-Balagha" and categorizing them into key historical phases: the pre-Caliphate period, the early Caliphate and state-building phase, and the period of internal conflicts and crisis management.

   The findings conclude that Imam Ali's (PBUH) developmental policy was characterized by steadfast adherence to core principles derived from Islam, such as comprehensive justice, the upholding of rights, accountability, concern for the welfare of the populace, and combating corruption. Simultaneously, this policy exhibited clear development and adaptation in its priorities, level of detail, language used, and application mechanisms, responding to his evolving role (from advisor to ruler) and the emerging challenges of each phase. Consequently, his developmental policy transitioned from an emphasis on articulating general principles and offering counsel during the pre-Caliphate period, to the formulation and implementation of

 detailed and practical administrative, financial, and security policies upon his assumption of the Caliphate, particularly during the era of internal strife. This phase distinctly highlighted his exceptional ability to balance the exigencies of state administration in times of peace and war with the preservation of the foundations of just development, a capacity clearly manifested in mature administrative documents like his directive to Malik al-Ashtar.