The Shiite opposition to the Umayyad state Hajar bin Adi Al-Kindi as a model

Abstract

    The history of the Arab Islamic state is full of many brilliant figures who had a major role in managing its events and shaping its features. One of these figures is the noble companion Hajar bin Adi Al-Kindi, whom I chose as the subject of my research, as his importance lies in showing the jihadist aspects with words sometimes and sword other times in his opposition to the Umayyad state. He was one of the companions of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and was nicknamed (the monk of the companions) for his many worships and asceticism. He also participated with him in the battles of (the camel, Siffin, and Nahrawan) and witnessed the assassination and martyrdom of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). Then he continued to be a companion of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) after him and was one of his most loyal companions, although he hated his peace with Muawiyah, but he accepted the matter Many accepted him and he did not disobey him, but after the nation fell prey to the fangs of Muawiyah and he announced his tyranny and oppression and Iraq faced more punishments as it was the only country dissatisfied with his rule and the main center of opposition, Hajar was the most prominent opponent of Muawiyah's rule and the Umayyad tradition in insulting Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and he denied this tradition to the Umayyads and this is the crime for which he deserved to be killed, he and his son Hammam and his righteous companions with very painful and bitter details. The research consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter included his name, lineage, conversion to Islam and aspects of his personality, while the second chapter included his jihad represented by his participation in the wars and his position on the peace of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) with Muawiyah and his position against the Umayyad rule and his governors in Iraq, Al-Mughira bin Shu'bah and Ziyad bin Abihi, while the third chapter addressed his martyrdom, his son and his companions and the reactions at that time from some contemporaries