Arnulf and His Political and Military Role in Germany

Abstract

Arnulf is one of the most important kings who ruled Germany in the ninth century AD. His rule was characterized by strength and courage, as Germany was able during that period to overcome its enemies in the east and the north, in addition to its leadership over all the Christian powers in Western Europe, as Arnulf was one of the most powerful Frankish kings and had influence and authority. He strengthened his determination to liberate himself from external attacks after he defeated the Normans and expelled them from German lands, while under pressure from circumstances he was forced to intervene in Italian affairs to gain the favor of the Church and to give a legitimacy to his rule over Germany, and to restore the Frankish imperial title after the death of all legitimate members of the family, and to put forward the idea of Western Christian unity.