Social Motivation among Students of the College of Basic Education at the University of Sumer

Abstract

    Social motivation can be described as consisting of processes such as peer acceptance and social recognition, as well as reciprocal personal relationships like friendships and individuals’ perceptions of their peers and society. Some researchers

believe that social motivation determines individuals’ orientations toward social goals, their sense of social responsibility, their willingness to provide support, and their need for belonging. It is also viewed as encompassing belonging, understanding, control, self-enhancement, and self-confidence. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify:

1. The level of social motivation among university students.
2. The statistical significance of differences in social motivation according to gender (male–female).

• Research Methodology: The researchers adopted the descriptive-analytical method, as it is the most suitable approach for the nature and procedures of the current study.
• Research Procedures: The research population consisted of 400 students from the University of Sumer. A sample of 400 students was selected, including 200 males and 200 females, for the academic year (2024–2025). To achieve the research objectives, a tool to measure social motivation was required. After reviewing previous related studies, the researchers developed the items of the scale, which consisted of 32 items. The response alternatives followed a five-point Likert scale: (Always applies to me, often applies to me, sometimes applies to me, rarely applies to me, never applies to me). During scoring, weights (2, 3, 4, 5, 1) were assigned to items aligned with the direction of the variable. The psychometric properties of the scale (validity and reliability) were established. Data were analyzed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and the results revealed the following:

1. The research sample demonstrated an above-average level of social motivation.
2. There were statistically significant differences in social motivation according to gender (male, female) among university students, in favor of males.

In light of these findings, the researchers presented a set of recommendations and suggestions for future research.