The problematic nature of the term "peaceful coexistence" between Islamic perspectives and contemporary applications

Abstract

The term “peaceful coexistence” is one of the most important concepts advocated by the United Nations as a natural human right. However, this concept has epistemological roots that can be traced back to Islamic history. As a divine religion, Islam has called for peaceful coexistence through its practical applications with non-adherents, considering it one of the fundamental pillars of its message. Islam has integrated coexistence as a religious approach, a social description, and an intellectual practice. Prophet Muhammad emphasized its application in the society of Medina upon his arrival, making it a cornerstone in building a new community based on coexistence rather than conflict or exploitation .                                                                          

   In the modern world, the idea of peaceful coexistence has been employed differently, relying on political necessities rather than the social significance for which it was originally intended. The political transformations of the past century led the supporters of both blocs (Eastern and Western) to compete in highlighting and utilizing it to serve their political interests. This concept has been theorized since the 1940s and beyond