Spatial variation of groundwater reservoirs and their hydrogeological condition in Salah al-Din Governorate

Abstract

This research aims to study the spatial variation of groundwater aquifers in Salah al-Din Governorate and analyze their hydrogeological status in terms of physical, quantitative, and qualitative characteristics. The study relied on a combination of topographic, geological, and hydrological data, as well as the results of wells and field surveys. Furthermore, it utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze and distribute groundwater aquifers at the administrative unit level.

The results revealed a clear variation in the distribution of groundwater aquifers in terms of depth, extent, and physical and chemical properties. These aquifers are affected by structural and geomorphological factors and various human activities. It was found that aquifers are distributed between granular (gravelly and sandy) and karst (limestone) aquifers, each with its own distinct hydrogeological characteristics in terms of capacity, storage, and replenishment. Qualitative deterioration was also observed in some areas as a result of overexploitation or agricultural and industrial pollution. The study highlights the need for sustainable management of groundwater resources in the governorate, through monitoring exploitation, updating water databases, enhancing environmental awareness, and proposing future strategies to ensure the sustainability of groundwater as a vital resource in light of environmental and climatic challenges.