Erbil Citadel and the Challenges of the Age

Abstract

    Erbil is the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. Therefore, it is not known exactly how it was established or who contributed to its construction and development. This historic city has a fortified, solid, and tall castle. It is considered one of the oldest historical castles and has remained populated to this day. It has withstood invaders numerous times throughout history, and attempts were made to alter its features. However, it has managed to remain steadfast in the face of invaders.

    There were several reasons that prompted the people of Erbil to establish their city on an artificial hill, to protect them from invasions due to their lack of natural means of defense of the city such as mountains and rivers. Thus, the Erbil Citadel was established. This citadel was surrounded by a deep water moat dug around it to protect it from external dangers and barbaric invasions, with the citadel being surrounded by a high and fortified wall.